Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, is essential for red blood cell formation, nerve function, and DNA synthesis. A deficiency can lead to subtle but serious health issues if left untreated.

1. Fatigue and Weakness
Without enough B12, your body can’t produce sufficient red blood cells, leading to constant tiredness and low energy.

2. Pale or Yellow Skin
B12 deficiency may cause skin to appear pale or slightly yellow due to red blood cell breakdown and bilirubin buildup.

3. Shortness of Breath and Dizziness
Low oxygen levels from fewer red blood cells can cause breathlessness and lightheadedness, especially during activity.

4. Tingling in Hands and Feet
B12 supports nerve health. Deficiency may cause nerve damage, resulting in numbness or “pins and needles.”

5. Balance Issues
Worsening nerve damage can impair coordination and increase fall risk, particularly in older adults.

6. Memory and Focus Problems
Low B12 can lead to memory loss, confusion, and mental fog.

7. Mood Changes
B12 impacts mood-regulating chemicals like serotonin; deficiency may lead to depression or irritability.

8. Glossitis and Mouth Sores
Swollen tongue, ulcers, and a burning mouth may occur.

9. Vision Problems
Severe deficiency may damage the optic nerve, causing blurred or disturbed vision.

At-risk groups include older adults, vegans, and those with digestive disorders. If symptoms appear, consult a healthcare provider for a blood test and treatment plan.